公司员工年会醉酒身亡 法院判令死者担责95%******
□ 本报记者 章宁旦
□ 本报通讯员 黄彩华
春节将至,又到了人们聚餐喝酒较多的时节,但欢乐的同时也要防止乐极生悲。近日,广东省东莞市第二人民法院通报一起因年底聚餐醉酒引发的猝死索赔案。法院认定醉酒猝死者作为完全行为能力人自行担责95%,聚餐组织者担责5%,其他同桌人已尽一般社交安全义务,无需担责。
酒后猝死:员工家属索赔逾百万元
20多岁的吴某是深圳某公司员工,被派驻公司关联企业东莞某公司。2021年2月2日18时许,吴某和几个同事一起,在东莞某公司食堂参加年会聚餐。同桌就餐人员有何某某等6人,其间吴某喝了酒。当天20时许,吴某由同桌两人搀扶,该公司负责人跟随其后,送往公司宿舍楼休息,给其两瓶矿泉水后离开。
吴某室友称,吴某当晚两次呕吐,他都帮忙清理了。次日上午,东莞某公司负责人带牛奶鸡蛋到宿舍探视,询问吴某是否喝多。吴某苏醒,但摆手表示不想吃东西。当天13时,室友回到宿舍,吴某听到动静后起床。室友询问吴某是否严重,吴某没有回答,看了看自己的被子、枕头、衣服说“怎么这样”,就进了洗手间。室友随即离开宿舍上班。18时许,室友下班发现吴某晕倒在宿舍洗手间,便呼喊同事救助,并拨打120。急救人员赶到,吴某已无心跳。室友随后报警。
2021年7月,吴某家属向东莞市第二人民法院状告深圳某公司、东莞某公司以及跟吴某同桌用餐的6人,认为对方未尽安全保障义务,索赔共计111万多元。
法院判决:聚餐组织者承担5%责任
法院经审理认为:本案为生命权、健康权、身体权纠纷。本案关键在于吴某的死亡应由谁承担责任。
关于吴某死因,公安机关出具的死亡证明显示死因为心源性猝死,由于未进行尸检,也没有检测血液中的酒精浓度,现已无法通过医疗检验手段确定。根据聚餐当晚与吴某同桌的两人在公安机关的陈述,吴某聚餐时喝了酒,结合吴某在聚餐后需要同桌两人搀扶回宿舍,以及回到宿舍后两次呕吐的情况可以推定,吴某死亡前存在醉酒情况。加上吴某对室友的问话未正常回应,无法正常上班,饮酒第二天即死亡,由此可推定,吴某死亡与饮酒有关。
关于责任承担,吴某为有完全民事行为能力的成年人,应对饮酒可能造成的危险后果有足够清醒的认识,其对死亡结果承担主要责任。东莞某公司是聚餐组织者,提供了白酒、红酒、啤酒,在吴某饮酒后两次呕吐、次日无法正常上班的情况下未及时将其送医治疗,应对吴某的死亡承担一定责任。深圳某公司未组织和参与聚餐,吴某作为深圳某公司员工参与聚餐,并不属于工作任务,人社部门亦认定吴某的死亡不属于工伤,故深圳某公司无需承担责任。吴某家属未能举证证明聚餐他人存在恶意劝酒行为,餐桌上正常共同饮酒不构成侵权,因而不能产生法律上的权利义务,故同桌者没有法定救助义务。聚餐结束后,同桌两人将吴某搀扶回宿舍,另一人跟随其后,并为吴某准备矿泉水,结合没有证据证明当时存在其他异常情况,法院认定同桌者已尽到安全注意义务,没有过错。吴某家属要求同桌者对吴某死亡应当有预见性以及承担相应义务,明显超出一般社交应尽注意义务的边界,法院不予支持。
综上,根据各方过错,法院酌定吴某自行承担95%责任,东莞某公司承担5%责任,其他被告无需担责。
吴某家属不服,提出上诉。近日,东莞市中级人民法院终审驳回上诉,维持原判。
法官说法:不能无限扩大同桌责任
承办本案审判的东莞市第二人民法院法官方淑敏称,同桌吃饭一起喝酒,是社会常见现象。聚餐中,喝酒者是自身健康的第一责任人,要对自身喝酒可能产生的后果承担最大责任。如果喝酒者酒后发生意外,组织者和同桌者存在强迫性劝酒行为、明知喝酒者不能喝酒仍劝其喝酒、喝酒者失去自控能力但同桌者未安全护送、明知喝酒者酒后驾车未劝阻等情况,同桌者则需承担法律责任。但如果组织者和同桌者已尽了正常安全注意义务,则不能将其责任义务无限扩大理解,否则就会人人自危,影响正常社会交往。
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |